Research about wig rules of the international regulations for preventing collisions at sea , 1972 2001 amendment 2001年修正案有關地效船條款探討
The intermission and ellipsis of sentence elements in international regulations for preventing collisions at sea 英文版海上避碰規(guī)則中句子成份的間隔和省略
Convention on the international regulations for preventing collisions at sea , london , 20 . 10 . 1972 , with international regulations 1972年10月20日訂于倫敦的《國際海上避碰規(guī)則公約》和國際海上避碰規(guī)則
In fact , most of the collision accidents are caused by the navigator ' s carelessness , fault and those operations violating the international regulations for preventing collision at sea 咎其原因,不難發(fā)現(xiàn)絕大多數(shù)碰撞事故都是由于航海者的疏忽、過失以及嚴重違反海上避碰覿則所導致。
When we search the reason of collision , we will find most of the accidents were caused by the voyager ' s carelessness , ignorance and those operations violating the international regulation for preventing collision at sea 究其原因,絕大多數(shù)碰撞事故都是由于操縱者的疏忽、過失以及嚴重違反海上避碰規(guī)則所導致。
Imo has set down the 《 international regulations for preventing collisions at sea , 1972 , 》 especially to apply to " all vessels upon the high seas and in all waters connected therewith navigable by seagoing vessels " 國際海事組織現(xiàn)行的《 1972年國際海上避碰規(guī)則》就是專門為“在公海和連接于公海而可供海船航行的一切水域中的一切船舶”而制定的避免碰撞事故發(fā)生的目的性法規(guī)。
The core of the problem solving is a knowledge - base which is compatible with the principles of " international regulations for preventing collisions at sea , 1972 " , the ordinary practice of seamen and good seamanship , acceptable by mariners and marine experts 解決該問題的核心在于建立一個既能體現(xiàn)《 1972年國際海上避碰規(guī)則》的原則,又符合海員通常做法,且能為航海人員和專家所接受的知識庫。
The writer makes great effort to provide sufficient theoretical ground to some typical issues , for example , the title to sue for personal injury and death in labor service export , the third party in a collision at sea ; the assignment of claim for loss of life or personal injury , and the difference between the contract for service and the contract of labor , the relationship of personal insurance and liability insurance , and hopes to give a guidance to proper interpretation of law 如外派船員的人身傷亡損害賠償請求權的歸屬問題,船舶碰撞中第三人的認定問題,人身傷亡損害賠償請求權可否轉讓問題,勞務合同與勞動合同的區(qū)別問題,人身保險與責任保險的認定問題等等,筆者力圖使這些實踐中的問題能夠有理論基礎的支持,從而正確適用法律。
On account of the circumstances , this article attempts to study the system of burden of proof and the principle of its allocation in the collision actions , and then , based on the character of legal system in china and theories of maritime judgement , it tries to analyse the international regulations for preventing collisions at sea , 1972 , dig out some problems and put forward some idio - points of view . in the last section of this thesis , the author analyses and inquires into how to institute a rule of burden of producing evidence for collision actions in our country and deems which is propitious to keep the development of shipping in order 有鑒于上述現(xiàn)狀,本文立足于本國法制特征,在先輩的民事舉證責任制度理論成果基礎上,借鑒英美典型海事判例確定的舉證責任原則,對船舶碰撞中的舉證責任及其分配制度進行了考察;并從舉證責任分配規(guī)則的理論角度對1972年《國際海上避碰規(guī)則》進行了大膽的評析,在發(fā)現(xiàn)問題的基礎上提出了一些個人的觀點,以作為海事司法實踐的參考。
( 3 ) presenting in - depth research and discussion on the solution of the 2 puzzles by taking ais information as the data - source of aas . ( 4 ) researching on the acquisition and processing method of basic navigation data from ais , such as relative course , relative speed , distance , bearing , cpa and tcpa of target ship . ( 5 ) designing the abaas ( ais based automatic anti - collision system ) collision avoidance scheme and establishing the principle of collision avoidance of own ship and designing the new principle of actions for the collision avoidance using the news data of ais according to the international regulations for preventing collisions at sea , 1972 , by calculating the risk of collision and consideration of the division of the three kinds of ship encounter 對于基于ais的自動避碰決策方法進行了深入研究,分析了國內(nèi)外專家對于碰撞危險度的研究成果,并提出了確定碰撞危險度的方法;借鑒國內(nèi)外專家的見解,對避碰規(guī)則規(guī)定的三種會遇局面進行了定量的分析并對避碰行動局面進行了劃分;提出了互見條件下兩船會遇中本船避碰責任和行動判斷的原則;制定了兩船會遇避碰方案和多船會遇避碰方案;針對從ais得到的他船航行狀態(tài)信卜汕燈運學1 ; t幀卜學位論義杜十川s的船舶自動避隴決策系統(tǒng)的應用研究,以設zf了符合現(xiàn)則欲八條大十船舶m災仟的避碰原則方沾。